Name
Query:tanenbaum
From:Tanenbaum-Torvalds_debate
While he initially did not go into great technical detail to explain why he felt that the microkernel design was better, he did suggest that it was mostly related to portability, arguing that the Lin...
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3
4
5
While he initially did not go into great technical detail to explain why he felt that the microkernel design was better, he did suggest that it was mostly related to portability, arguing that the Lin...
1
2
3
4
5
While he initially did not go into great technical detail to explain why he felt that the microkernel design was better, he did suggest that it was mostly related to portability, arguing that the Lin...
1
2
3
4
5
While he initially did not go into great technical detail to explain why he felt that the microkernel design was better, he did suggest that it was mostly related to portability, arguing that the Lin...
1
2
3
4
5
=== “Linux is obsolete” === The first occurrence of this debate was recorded on January 29, 1992, when
Tanenbaum
first posted his criticism on the Linux kernel to comp.os.minix, noting how the mo...
1
2
3
4
5
While he initially did not go into great technical detail to explain why he felt that the microkernel design was better, he did suggest that it was mostly related to portability, arguing that the Lin...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Linux_kernel
In December 1991, Linux 0.11 was released. This version was the first to be self-hosted - Linux 0.11 could be compiled by a computer running Linux 0.11. When he released version 0.12 in February 1992...
1
2
3
4
5
In December 1991, Linux 0.11 was released. This version was the first to be self-hosted - Linux 0.11 could be compiled by a computer running Linux 0.11. When he released version 0.12 in February 1992...
1
2
3
4
5
In December 1991, Linux 0.11 was released. This version was the first to be self-hosted - Linux 0.11 could be compiled by a computer running Linux 0.11. When he released version 0.12 in February 1992...
1
2
3
4
5
In October 1991, Linux version 0.02 was released. In December 1991, Linux 0.11 was released. This version was the first to be self-hosted - Linux 0.11 could be compiled by a computer running Linux 0....
1
2
3
4
5
In October 1991, Linux version 0.02 was released. In December 1991, Linux 0.11 was released. This version was the first to be self-hosted - Linux 0.11 could be compiled by a computer running Linux 0....
1
2
3
4
5
In October 1991, Linux version 0.02 was released. In December 1991, Linux 0.11 was released. This version was the first to be self-hosted - Linux 0.11 could be compiled by a computer running Linux 0....
1
2
3
4
5
From:GNU_Linux_naming_controversy
In 1991, the first version of the Linux kernel was released by Linus Torvalds. Early Linux kernel developers ported GNU code, including the GNU C Compiler, to run on Linux. Later, when the GNU develo...
1
2
3
4
5
In 1991, the first version of the Linux kernel was released by Linus Torvalds. Early Linux kernel developers ported GNU code, including the GNU C Compiler, to run on Linux. Later, when the GNU develo...
1
2
3
4
5
In 1991, the first version of the Linux kernel was released by Linus Torvalds. Early Linux kernel developers ported GNU code, including the GNU C Compiler, to run on Linux. Later, when the GNU develo...
1
2
3
4
5
In 1991, the first version of the Linux kernel was released by Linus Torvalds. Early Linux kernel developers ported GNU code, including the GNU C Compiler, to run on Linux. Later, when the GNU develo...
1
2
3
4
5
In 1991, the first version of the Linux kernel was released by Linus Torvalds. Early Linux kernel developers ported GNU code, including the GNU C Compiler, to run on Linux. Later, when the GNU develo...
1
2
3
4
5
In 1991, the first version of the Linux kernel was released by Linus Torvalds. Early Linux kernel developers ported GNU code, including the GNU C Compiler, to run on Linux. Later, when the GNU develo...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Linux
Since the main supporting user space system tools and libraries originated in the GNU Project, initiated in 1983 by Richard Stallman, the Free Software Foundation prefers the name GNU/Linux. ==Histor...
1
2
3
4
5
Linux ( Linux was originally developed as a free operating system for Intel x86-based personal computers. It has since been ported to more computer hardware platforms than any other operating system. ...
1
2
3
4
5
Since the main supporting user space system tools and libraries originated in the GNU Project, initiated in 1983 by Richard Stallman, the Free Software Foundation prefers the name GNU/Linux. ==Histor...
1
2
3
4
5
Linux ( Linux was originally developed as a free operating system for Intel x86-based personal computers. It has since been ported to more computer hardware platforms than any other operating system. ...
1
2
3
4
5
Since the main supporting user space system tools and libraries originated in the GNU Project, initiated in 1983 by Richard Stallman, the Free Software Foundation prefers the name GNU/Linux. ==Histor...
1
2
3
4
5
Linux ( Linux was originally developed as a free operating system for Intel x86-based personal computers. It has since been ported to more computer hardware platforms than any other operating system. ...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Open_source_movement
O'Reilly & Associates, 1999 The GNU project was aimed to create a free operating system, and used the GNU General Public License (GPL) as the software license to prohibit proprietization of the softw...
1
2
3
4
5
Voices from the Open Source Revolution. O'Reilly & Associates, 1999 The GNU project was aimed to create a free operating system, and used the GNU General Public License (GPL) as the software license ...
1
2
3
4
5
O'Reilly & Associates, 1999 The GNU project was aimed to create a free operating system, and used the GNU General Public License (GPL) as the software license to prohibit proprietization of the softw...
1
2
3
4
5
O'Reilly & Associates, 1999 The GNU project was aimed to create a free operating system, and used the GNU General Public License (GPL) as the software license to prohibit proprietization of the softw...
1
2
3
4
5
Eu.conecta.it. Retrieved on 2011-11-30. During 1991–1992, two significant events took place: *In California, Bill Jolitz completed the Net/2 distribution, until it was ready to run on i386-class ma...
1
2
3
4
5
O'Reilly & Associates, 1999 The GNU project was aimed to create a free operating system, and used the GNU General Public License (GPL) as the software license to prohibit proprietization of the softw...
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2
3
4
5
Query:computer science
From:Computer_science
As it became clear that
computers
could be used for more than just mathematical calculations, the field of
computer
science
broadened to study
computation
in general.
Computer
science
began to be est...
1
2
3
4
5
Computer
science
or
computing
science
(abbreviated CS or CompSci) is the scientific and mathematical approach to
computation
, and specifically to the design of
computing
machines and processes. A comp...
1
2
3
4
5
As it became clear that
computers
could be used for more than just mathematical calculations, the field of
computer
science
broadened to study
computation
in general.
Computer
science
began to be est...
1
2
3
4
5
For example, programming language theory studies approaches to description of
computations
, while the study of
computer
programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming langu...
1
2
3
4
5
The world's first
computer
science
degree program, the Cambridge Diploma in
Computer
Science
, began at the University of Cambridge
Computer
Laboratory in 1953. The first
computer
science
degree progr...
1
2
3
4
5
For example, programming language theory studies approaches to description of
computations
, while the study of
computer
programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming langu...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Computer_science_in_sport
== Areas of research == The importance and strong influence of
computer
science
as an interdisciplinary partner for sport and sport
science
is mainly proven by the research activities in
computer
sci...
1
2
3
4
5
Later on, with the continuous improvement of
computer
hardware - in particular microprocessor speed – many new scientific and
computing
paradigms were introduced, which were also integrated in comp...
1
2
3
4
5
Later on, with the continuous improvement of
computer
hardware - in particular microprocessor speed – many new scientific and
computing
paradigms were introduced, which were also integrated in comp...
1
2
3
4
5
Later on, with the continuous improvement of
computer
hardware - in particular microprocessor speed – many new scientific and
computing
paradigms were introduced, which were also integrated in comp...
1
2
3
4
5
As another result of this development, the term '
computer
science
in sport' has been added in the encyclopedia of sports
science
in 2004. == Areas of research == The importance and strong influence o...
1
2
3
4
5
== Areas of research == The importance and strong influence of
computer
science
as an interdisciplinary partner for sport and sport
science
is mainly proven by the research activities in
computer
sci...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Outline_of_science
=== Natural
sciences
=== * Natural
science
– ==== Physical
sciences
==== * Physical
science
– ===== Physics ===== Physics – study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related ...
1
2
3
4
5
== Branches of
science
== The branches of
science
are divisions within
science
with respect to the entity or system concerned, which typically embodies its own terminology and nomenclature. === Natur...
1
2
3
4
5
== Branches of
science
== The branches of
science
are divisions within
science
with respect to the entity or system concerned, which typically embodies its own terminology and nomenclature. === Natur...
1
2
3
4
5
Modern
science
respects objective logical reasoning. ==Essence of
Science
== : Main article:
Science
* Objectivity – idea that scientists, in attempting to uncover truths about the natural world, mu...
1
2
3
4
5
* Chemical physics – branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics. *
Computational
physics – study and implementation of numerical algorithms to solve probl...
1
2
3
4
5
== Branches of
science
== The branches of
science
are divisions within
science
with respect to the entity or system concerned, which typically embodies its own terminology and nomenclature. === Natur...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Outline_of_computer_science
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to
computer
science
:
Computer
science
(also called
computing
science
) – study of the theoretical foundations of information and ...
1
2
3
4
5
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to
computer
science
:
Computer
science
(also called
computing
science
) – study of the theoretical foundations of information and ...
1
2
3
4
5
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to
computer
science
:
Computer
science
(also called
computing
science
) – study of the theoretical foundations of information and ...
1
2
3
4
5
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to
computer
science
:
Computer
science
(also called
computing
science
) – study of the theoretical foundations of information and ...
1
2
3
4
5
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to
computer
science
:
Computer
science
(also called
computing
science
) – study of the theoretical foundations of information and ...
1
2
3
4
5
* Operating systems – Systems for managing
computer
programs and providing the basis of a usable system. ===
Computer
graphics === *
Computer
graphics – Algorithms both for generating visual imag...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Branches_of_science
The term natural
sciences
is used to distinguish it from the social
sciences
, which apply the scientific method to study human behavior and social patterns; the humanities, which use a critical, or a...
1
2
3
4
5
The term natural
sciences
is used to distinguish it from the social
sciences
, which apply the scientific method to study human behavior and social patterns; the humanities, which use a critical, or a...
1
2
3
4
5
== Natural
science
== Natural
science
is a branch of
science
that seeks to elucidate the rules that govern the natural world by applying an empirical and scientific method to the study of the univers...
1
2
3
4
5
The term natural
sciences
is used to distinguish it from the social
sciences
, which apply the scientific method to study human behavior and social patterns; the humanities, which use a critical, or a...
1
2
3
4
5
=== Physical
science
=== Physical
Science
is an encompassing term for the branches of natural
science
and
science
that study non-living systems, in contrast to the life
sciences
. However, the term "p...
1
2
3
4
5
However, the term "physical" creates an unintended, somewhat arbitrary distinction, since many branches of physical
science
also study biological phenomena. ==== Physics ==== Physics (from ) is a nat...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Super-recursive_algorithm
Then a super-recursive class of algorithms is "a class of algorithms in which it is possible to
compute
functions not
computable
by any Turing machine" (Burgin 2005: 107). Super-recursive algorithms ...
1
2
3
4
5
Super-recursive algorithms are closely related to hypercomputation in a way similar to the relationship between ordinary
computation
and ordinary algorithms.
Computation
is a process, while an algori...
1
2
3
4
5
Then a super-recursive class of algorithms is "a class of algorithms in which it is possible to
compute
functions not
computable
by any Turing machine" (Burgin 2005: 107). Super-recursive algorithms ...
1
2
3
4
5
Then a super-recursive class of algorithms is "a class of algorithms in which it is possible to
compute
functions not
computable
by any Turing machine" (Burgin 2005: 107). Super-recursive algorithms ...
1
2
3
4
5
Then a super-recursive class of algorithms is "a class of algorithms in which it is possible to
compute
functions not
computable
by any Turing machine" (Burgin 2005: 107). Super-recursive algorithms ...
1
2
3
4
5
Then a super-recursive class of algorithms is "a class of algorithms in which it is possible to
compute
functions not
computable
by any Turing machine" (Burgin 2005: 107). Super-recursive algorithms ...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Rajeev_Motwani
He served on the editorial boards of SIAM Journal on
Computing
, Journal of
Computer
and System
Sciences
, ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data, and IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data...
1
2
3
4
5
He served on the editorial boards of SIAM Journal on
Computing
, Journal of
Computer
and System
Sciences
, ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data, and IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data...
1
2
3
4
5
He served on the editorial boards of SIAM Journal on
Computing
, Journal of
Computer
and System
Sciences
, ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data, and IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data...
1
2
3
4
5
Rajeev Motwani (; March 24, 1962 – June 5, 2009) was a professor of
Computer
Science
at Stanford University whose research focused on theoretical
computer
science
. He was an early advisor and suppor...
1
2
3
4
5
Rajeev Motwani (; March 24, 1962 – June 5, 2009) was a professor of
Computer
Science
at Stanford University whose research focused on theoretical
computer
science
. He was an early advisor and suppor...
1
2
3
4
5
Rajeev Motwani (; March 24, 1962 – June 5, 2009) was a professor of
Computer
Science
at Stanford University whose research focused on theoretical
computer
science
. He was an early advisor and suppor...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Information_Retrieval_Facility
van Rijsbergen, Chairman of the Scientific Board, Maristella Agosti, Professor, Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova Gerhard Budin, Director of the Center of Translation Studie...
1
2
3
4
5
van Rijsbergen, Chairman of the Scientific Board, Maristella Agosti, Professor, Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova Gerhard Budin, Director of the Center of Translation Studie...
1
2
3
4
5
Bruce Croft, Distinguished Professor, Department of
Computer
Science
and Director Center for Intelligent IR University of Massachusetts Amherst Hamish Cunningham, Research Professor,
Computer
Science
...
1
2
3
4
5
van Rijsbergen, Chairman of the Scientific Board, Maristella Agosti, Professor, Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova Gerhard Budin, Director of the Center of Translation Studie...
1
2
3
4
5
van Rijsbergen, Chairman of the Scientific Board, Maristella Agosti, Professor, Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova Gerhard Budin, Director of the Center of Translation Studie...
1
2
3
4
5
van Rijsbergen, Chairman of the Scientific Board, Maristella Agosti, Professor, Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova Gerhard Budin, Director of the Center of Translation Studie...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Dragomir_R._Radev
Radev is a University of Michigan
computer
science
professor working on natural language processing and information retrieval. He is currently working on the fields of open domain question answering,...
1
2
3
4
5
He is currently working on the fields of open domain question answering, multi-document summarization, and the application of NLP in Bioinformatics and Political
Science
. Radev received his PhD in Co...
1
2
3
4
5
Radev received his PhD in
Computer
Science
from Columbia University in 1999. He is the secretary of ACL (2006–present) and associate editor of JAIR. == Awards == As NACLO founder, Radev shared the ...
1
2
3
4
5
He is currently working on the fields of open domain question answering, multi-document summarization, and the application of NLP in Bioinformatics and Political
Science
. Radev received his PhD in Co...
1
2
3
4
5
He is currently working on the fields of open domain question answering, multi-document summarization, and the application of NLP in Bioinformatics and Political
Science
. Radev received his PhD in Co...
1
2
3
4
5
Dragomir R. Radev is a University of Michigan
computer
science
professor working on natural language processing and information retrieval. He is currently working on the fields of open domain question...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Outline_of_applied_physics
== What type of thing is applied physics? == Applied physics can be described as all of the following: * Branch of
science
–** Branch of physics –** Branch of applied
science
–* Branch of engin...
1
2
3
4
5
== What type of thing is applied physics? == Applied physics can be described as all of the following: * Branch of
science
–** Branch of physics –** Branch of applied
science
–* Branch of engin...
1
2
3
4
5
== What type of thing is applied physics? == Applied physics can be described as all of the following: * Branch of
science
–** Branch of physics –** Branch of applied
science
–* Branch of engin...
1
2
3
4
5
== What type of thing is applied physics? == Applied physics can be described as all of the following: * Branch of
science
–** Branch of physics –** Branch of applied
science
–* Branch of engin...
1
2
3
4
5
== What type of thing is applied physics? == Applied physics can be described as all of the following: * Branch of
science
–** Branch of physics –** Branch of applied
science
–* Branch of engin...
1
2
3
4
5
== What type of thing is applied physics? == Applied physics can be described as all of the following: * Branch of
science
–** Branch of physics –** Branch of applied
science
–* Branch of engin...
1
2
3
4
5
Query:ground truth
From:Multimedia_Information_Retrieval
Each of this channels is described by media-specific feature transformations. The resulting descriptions have to be merged to one description per media object. Merging can be performed by simple conc...
1
2
3
4
5
The methodology of MMIR can be organized in three groups: # Methods for the summarization of media content (feature extraction). The result of feature extraction is a description. # Methods for the f...
1
2
3
4
5
The methodology of MMIR can be organized in three groups: # Methods for the summarization of media content (feature extraction). The result of feature extraction is a description. # Methods for the f...
1
2
3
4
5
The methodology of MMIR can be organized in three groups: # Methods for the summarization of media content (feature extraction). The result of feature extraction is a description. # Methods for the f...
1
2
3
4
5
The methodology of MMIR can be organized in three groups: # Methods for the summarization of media content (feature extraction). The result of feature extraction is a description. # Methods for the f...
1
2
3
4
5
The result of feature extraction is a description. # Methods for the filtering of media descriptions (for example, elimination of redundancy) # Methods for the categorization of media descriptions in...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Scientific_skepticism
== Overview == Scientific skeptics believe that empirical investigation of reality leads to the
truth
, and that the scientific method is best suited to this purpose. Considering the rigor of the scie...
1
2
3
4
5
== Overview == Scientific skeptics believe that empirical investigation of reality leads to the
truth
, and that the scientific method is best suited to this purpose. Considering the rigor of the scie...
1
2
3
4
5
== Overview == Scientific skeptics believe that empirical investigation of reality leads to the
truth
, and that the scientific method is best suited to this purpose. Considering the rigor of the scie...
1
2
3
4
5
== Overview == Scientific skeptics believe that empirical investigation of reality leads to the
truth
, and that the scientific method is best suited to this purpose. Considering the rigor of the scie...
1
2
3
4
5
== Overview == Scientific skeptics believe that empirical investigation of reality leads to the
truth
, and that the scientific method is best suited to this purpose. Considering the rigor of the scie...
1
2
3
4
5
== Overview == Scientific skeptics believe that empirical investigation of reality leads to the
truth
, and that the scientific method is best suited to this purpose. Considering the rigor of the scie...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Criticism_of_science
Professor of Sociology Stanley Aronowitz scrutinizes science for operating with the presumption that the only acceptable criticisms of science are those conducted within the methodological framework ...
1
2
3
4
5
Particularly the notion of Uniformity of Law and the Uniformity of Process across time and space, as noted by Steven Jay Gould.[ref] </ref> "We have to realize that a unified theory of the physical w...
1
2
3
4
5
Professor of Sociology Stanley Aronowitz scrutinizes science for operating with the presumption that the only acceptable criticisms of science are those conducted within the methodological framework ...
1
2
3
4
5
Professor of Sociology Stanley Aronowitz scrutinizes science for operating with the presumption that the only acceptable criticisms of science are those conducted within the methodological framework ...
1
2
3
4
5
Particularly the notion of Uniformity of Law and the Uniformity of Process across time and space, as noted by Steven Jay Gould.[ref] </ref> "We have to realize that a unified theory of the physical w...
1
2
3
4
5
Professor of Sociology Stanley Aronowitz scrutinizes science for operating with the presumption that the only acceptable criticisms of science are those conducted within the methodological framework ...
1
2
3
4
5
From:List_of_films_about_Wikipedia
The documentary examines the reliability of Wikipedia, and the dichotomy between usage of experts versus amateur editors. The film includes commentary from Wikipedia co-founders Jimmy Wales and Larry...
1
2
3
4
5
== Films == * The
Truth
According to Wikipedia (also referred to as Wiki's Waarheid and Wiki's
Truth
) is a 2008 Dutch documentary film about Wikipedia directed by IJsbrand van Veelen. The documentary...
1
2
3
4
5
The documentary discusses incidents which shed a negative light on Wikipedia, including the Essjay controversy and the Wikipedia biography controversy. *People are Knowledge is a film made during the...
1
2
3
4
5
The documentary examines the reliability of Wikipedia, and the dichotomy between usage of experts versus amateur editors. The film includes commentary from Wikipedia co-founders Jimmy Wales and Larry...
1
2
3
4
5
== Films == * The
Truth
According to Wikipedia (also referred to as Wiki's Waarheid and Wiki's
Truth
) is a 2008 Dutch documentary film about Wikipedia directed by IJsbrand van Veelen. The documentary...
1
2
3
4
5
*
Truth
in Numbers? is a 2010 American documentary film which explores the history and cultural implications of the online user-editable encyclopedia Wikipedia. The film attempts to answer the questi...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Ground_reaction_force
In physics, and in particular in biomechanics, the
ground
reaction force (GRF) is the force exerted by the
ground
on a body in contact with it.[ref] </ref> For example, a person standing motionless on...
1
2
3
4
5
The component of the GRF parallel to the surface is the frictional force. When slippage occurs the ratio of the magnitude of the frictional force to the normal force yields the coefficient of static ...
1
2
3
4
5
When slippage occurs the ratio of the magnitude of the frictional force to the normal force yields the coefficient of static friction.Hyper Physics, http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/frict2....
1
2
3
4
5
In physics, and in particular in biomechanics, the
ground
reaction force (GRF) is the force exerted by the
ground
on a body in contact with it.[ref] </ref> For example, a person standing motionless on...
1
2
3
4
5
The force exerted by the
ground
is conventionally referred to as the reaction, although, since the distinction between action and reaction is completely arbitrary, the expression
ground
action would ...
1
2
3
4
5
The component of the GRF parallel to the surface is the frictional force. When slippage occurs the ratio of the magnitude of the frictional force to the normal force yields the coefficient of static ...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Reaction_%28physics%29
If the
ground
is not too slippery, this results in a pair of friction forces: the 'action' by the wheel on the
ground
in backward direction, and the 'reaction' by the
ground
on the wheel in forward d...
1
2
3
4
5
===Gravitational forces=== The Earth orbits around the Sun because the gravitational force exerted by the Sun on the Earth, the action, serves as the centripetal force that maintains the planet in th...
1
2
3
4
5
In certain fields of applied physics, such as biomechanics, this force by the
ground
is called '
ground
reaction force'; the force by the object on the
ground
is viewed as the 'action'. When someone w...
1
2
3
4
5
If the
ground
is not too slippery, this results in a pair of friction forces: the 'action' by the wheel on the
ground
in backward direction, and the 'reaction' by the
ground
on the wheel in forward d...
1
2
3
4
5
If the
ground
is not too slippery, this results in a pair of friction forces: the 'action' by the wheel on the
ground
in backward direction, and the 'reaction' by the
ground
on the wheel in forward d...
1
2
3
4
5
If the
ground
is not too slippery, this results in a pair of friction forces: the 'action' by the wheel on the
ground
in backward direction, and the 'reaction' by the
ground
on the wheel in forward d...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Uncertain_inference
By doing this it accomplishes two things: * Separate the processes of revising probabilities from the logic * Separate the treatment of relevance from the treatment of requests Multimedia documents, ...
1
2
3
4
5
Probabilistic logic networks is a system for performing uncertain inference; crisp true/false
truth
values are replaced not only by a probability, but also by a confidence level, indicating the certi...
1
2
3
4
5
By doing this it accomplishes two things: * Separate the processes of revising probabilities from the logic * Separate the treatment of relevance from the treatment of requests Multimedia documents, ...
1
2
3
4
5
By doing this it accomplishes two things: * Separate the processes of revising probabilities from the logic * Separate the treatment of relevance from the treatment of requests Multimedia documents, ...
1
2
3
4
5
==Definitions== Rijsbergen proposes that the measure of uncertainty of a document d to a query q be the probability of its logical implication, i.e.: A user's query can be interpreted as a set of ass...
1
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3
4
5
==Definitions== Rijsbergen proposes that the measure of uncertainty of a document d to a query q be the probability of its logical implication, i.e.: A user's query can be interpreted as a set of ass...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Palo_%28OLAP_database%29
==Architecture== Palo Suite is a tightly integrated framework consisting of: Palo MOLAP Server, Palo ETL Server, Palo Web (Palo Spreadsheet - Connection, User, ETL, File and Report Manager), Palo for...
1
2
3
4
5
==Architecture== Palo Suite is a tightly integrated framework consisting of: Palo MOLAP Server, Palo ETL Server, Palo Web (Palo Spreadsheet - Connection, User, ETL, File and Report Manager), Palo for...
1
2
3
4
5
To give rapid access to all data, Palo stores them in the memory during run time. The server is available as open source and proprietary software. Jedox was founded by Kristian Raue in 2002 and devel...
1
2
3
4
5
==Architecture== Palo Suite is a tightly integrated framework consisting of: Palo MOLAP Server, Palo ETL Server, Palo Web (Palo Spreadsheet - Connection, User, ETL, File and Report Manager), Palo for...
1
2
3
4
5
==Architecture== Palo Suite is a tightly integrated framework consisting of: Palo MOLAP Server, Palo ETL Server, Palo Web (Palo Spreadsheet - Connection, User, ETL, File and Report Manager), Palo for...
1
2
3
4
5
==Architecture== Palo Suite is a tightly integrated framework consisting of: Palo MOLAP Server, Palo ETL Server, Palo Web (Palo Spreadsheet - Connection, User, ETL, File and Report Manager), Palo for...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Friction_torque
*When a golf ball hits the
ground
it begins to spin in part because of the friction torque applied to the golf ball from the friction between the golf ball and the
ground
. ==See also== * Torque * For...
1
2
3
4
5
==Examples== *When a cyclist applies the brake to his/her forward wheel, the bike tips forwards due to the frictional torque between the wheel and the
ground
. *When a golf ball hits the
ground
it beg...
1
2
3
4
5
*When a golf ball hits the
ground
it begins to spin in part because of the friction torque applied to the golf ball from the friction between the golf ball and the
ground
. ==See also== * Torque * For...
1
2
3
4
5
*When a golf ball hits the
ground
it begins to spin in part because of the friction torque applied to the golf ball from the friction between the golf ball and the
ground
. ==See also== * Torque * For...
1
2
3
4
5
==Examples== *When a cyclist applies the brake to his/her forward wheel, the bike tips forwards due to the frictional torque between the wheel and the
ground
. *When a golf ball hits the
ground
it beg...
1
2
3
4
5
*When a golf ball hits the
ground
it begins to spin in part because of the friction torque applied to the golf ball from the friction between the golf ball and the
ground
. ==See also== * Torque * For...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Super-recursive_algorithm
Super-recursive algorithms are closely related to hypercomputation in a way similar to the relationship between ordinary computation and ordinary algorithms. Computation is a process, while an algori...
1
2
3
4
5
Burgin, as well as other researchers (including Selim Akl, Eugene Eberbach, Peter Kugel, Jan van Leeuwen, Hava Siegelmann, Peter Wegner, and Jiří Wiedermann) who studied different kinds of super-re...
1
2
3
4
5
In computability theory, super-recursive algorithms are a generalization of ordinary algorithms that are more powerful, that is, compute more than Turing machines. The term was introduced by Mark Burg...
1
2
3
4
5
== Definition == Burgin (2005: 13) uses the term recursive algorithms for algorithms that can be implemented on Turing machines, and uses the word algorithm in a more general sense. Then a super-recu...
1
2
3
4
5
Burgin, as well as other researchers (including Selim Akl, Eugene Eberbach, Peter Kugel, Jan van Leeuwen, Hava Siegelmann, Peter Wegner, and Jiří Wiedermann) who studied different kinds of super-re...
1
2
3
4
5
Burgin, as well as other researchers (including Selim Akl, Eugene Eberbach, Peter Kugel, Jan van Leeuwen, Hava Siegelmann, Peter Wegner, and Jiří Wiedermann) who studied different kinds of super-re...
1
2
3
4
5
Query:linus torvalds kernel
From:Linux_kernel
The Linux
kernel
is released under the GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2)COPYING (plus some firmware images with various non-free licenses), and is developed by contributors worldwide. Day-...
1
2
3
4
5
On 25 August 1991,
Torvalds
posted the following to comp.os.minix, a newsgroup on Usenet: After that, many people contributed code to the project. Early on, the MINIX community contributed code and i...
1
2
3
4
5
At the time, the GNU Project had created many of the components required for a free operating system, but its own
kernel
, GNU Hurd, was incomplete and unavailable. The BSD operating system had not ye...
1
2
3
4
5
On 25 August 1991,
Torvalds
posted the following to comp.os.minix, a newsgroup on Usenet: After that, many people contributed code to the project. Early on, the MINIX community contributed code and i...
1
2
3
4
5
The Linux
kernel
is released under the GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2)COPYING (plus some firmware images with various non-free licenses), and is developed by contributors worldwide. Day-...
1
2
3
4
5
The Linux
kernel
is released under the GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2)COPYING (plus some firmware images with various non-free licenses), and is developed by contributors worldwide. Day-...
1
2
3
4
5
From:GNU_Linux_naming_controversy
In Usenet and mailing-list discussions, one can find usages of "GNU/Linux" as early as 1992 == Composition of Linux-based systems == Modern free and open source software systems are composed of softw...
1
2
3
4
5
In Usenet and mailing-list discussions, one can find usages of "GNU/Linux" as early as 1992 == Composition of Linux-based systems == Modern free and open source software systems are composed of softw...
1
2
3
4
5
GNU/Linux is a term promoted by the Free Software Foundation (FSF), its founder Richard Stallman, and its supporters, for operating systems that include GNU software and the Linux
kernel
. The FSF arg...
1
2
3
4
5
The GNU/Linux naming controversy is a dispute among members of the free and open source software community over how to refer to the computer operating system commonly called Linux. GNU/Linux is a term...
1
2
3
4
5
== History == Plans for GNU, a complete computer operating system composed entirely of free software, were made in 1983 by Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation. In September of t...
1
2
3
4
5
In Usenet and mailing-list discussions, one can find usages of "GNU/Linux" as early as 1992 == Composition of Linux-based systems == Modern free and open source software systems are composed of softw...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Tanenbaum-Torvalds_debate
He did so a day later, arguing that MINIX has inherent design flaws (naming the lack of multithreading as a specific example), ... ...
1
2
3
4
5
While Tanenbaum himself has mentioned that he did not write the article to renew the debate on
kernel
design, the juxtaposition of the article and an archived copy of the 1992 debate on the technolog...
1
2
3
4
5
Miller and Theodore Ts'o joined the debate.It is worth noting that commentary by a Ken Thompson can also be seen in the original discussion—this is, however, not the same person as Kenneth Lane Tho...
1
2
3
4
5
While Tanenbaum himself has mentioned that he did not write the article to renew the debate on
kernel
design, the juxtaposition of the article and an archived copy of the 1992 debate on the technolog...
1
2
3
4
5
Other notable hackers such as David S. Miller and Theodore Ts'o joined the debate.It is worth noting that commentary by a Ken Thompson can also be seen in the original discussion—this is, however, ...
1
2
3
4
5
Other notable hackers such as David S. Miller and Theodore Ts'o joined the debate.It is worth noting that commentary by a Ken Thompson can also be seen in the original discussion—this is, however, ...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Tux
This is why Tux is formally known as the Linux mascot and not the logo.The History of Tux the Linux Penguin Tux was created version (0.54) of GIMP, a free software graphics package. It was released b...
1
2
3
4
5
In video games featuring the character, female counterparts, named Penny and Gown, accompany him. The character is used in many other Linux programs and as a general symbol of Linux. ==Origins== The ...
1
2
3
4
5
This is why Tux is formally known as the Linux mascot and not the logo.The History of Tux the Linux Penguin Tux was created version (0.54) of GIMP, a free software graphics package. It was released b...
1
2
3
4
5
This is why Tux is formally known as the Linux mascot and not the logo.The History of Tux the Linux Penguin Tux was created version (0.54) of GIMP, a free software graphics package. It was released b...
1
2
3
4
5
This is why Tux is formally known as the Linux mascot and not the logo.The History of Tux the Linux Penguin Tux was created version (0.54) of GIMP, a free software graphics package. It was released b...
1
2
3
4
5
This is why Tux is formally known as the Linux mascot and not the logo.The History of Tux the Linux Penguin Tux was created version (0.54) of GIMP, a free software graphics package. It was released b...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Revolution_OS
Stallman relates his struggles with proprietary software vendors at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab, leading to his departure to focus on the development of free software, and the GNU project. To...
1
2
3
4
5
== Screenings == The film appeared in several film festivals including South by Southwest, the Atlanta Film and Video Festival, Boston Film Festival, and Denver International Film Festival; it won Be...
1
2
3
4
5
== Screenings == The film appeared in several film festivals including South by Southwest, the Atlanta Film and Video Festival, Boston Film Festival, and Denver International Film Festival; it won Be...
1
2
3
4
5
Torvalds
describes the development of the Linux
kernel
, the GNU/Linux naming controversy, Linux's further evolution, and its commercialization. Raymond and Stallman clarify the philosophy of free sof...
1
2
3
4
5
It discusses how change came in 1978 as Bill Gates, in his Open Letter to Hobbyists, pointedly prodded hobbyists to pay up. Stallman relates his struggles with proprietary software vendors at the MIT...
1
2
3
4
5
Stallman relates his struggles with proprietary software vendors at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab, leading to his departure to focus on the development of free software, and the GNU project. To...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Completely_Fair_Scheduler
Con Kolivas's work with CPU scheduling, most significantly his implementation of "fair scheduling" named Rotating Staircase Deadline, inspired Ingo Molnár to develop his CFS, as a replacement for th...
1
2
3
4
5
==Algorithm== The scheduler stores the records about the planned tasks in a red-black tree, using the spent processor time as a key.CFS description at ibm.com This allows it to pick efficiently the p...
1
2
3
4
5
The entry of the picked process is then removed from the tree, the spent execution time is updated and the entry is then returned to the tree where it normally takes some other location. The new left...
1
2
3
4
5
The entry of the picked process is then removed from the tree, the spent execution time is updated and the entry is then returned to the tree where it normally takes some other location. The new left...
1
2
3
4
5
The new leftmost node is then picked from the tree, repeating the iteration. If the task spends a lot of its time sleeping, then its spent time value is low and it automatically gets the priority boo...
1
2
3
4
5
Con Kolivas's work with CPU scheduling, most significantly his implementation of "fair scheduling" named Rotating Staircase Deadline, inspired Ingo Molnár to develop his CFS, as a replacement for th...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Linus%27_Law
== See also == *List of eponymous laws *Collaborative software development model *Crowdsourcing *Software peer review *Wisdom of the crowd *Maslow's hierarchy of needs == References == ...
1
2
3
4
5
== By Eric Raymond ==
Linus's
Law as described by Raymond is a claim about software development, named in honor of
Linus
Torvalds
and formulated by Raymond in his essay and book "The Cathedral and th...
1
2
3
4
5
== By Eric Raymond ==
Linus's
Law as described by Raymond is a claim about software development, named in honor of
Linus
Torvalds
and formulated by Raymond in his essay and book "The Cathedral and th...
1
2
3
4
5
== By Eric Raymond ==
Linus's
Law as described by Raymond is a claim about software development, named in honor of
Linus
Torvalds
and formulated by Raymond in his essay and book "The Cathedral and th...
1
2
3
4
5
There are two statements named
Linus's
Law: one by Eric S. Raymond concerning software bug detection by a community, and the other by
Linus
Torvalds
about the motivations of programmers. == By Eric Ra...
1
2
3
4
5
== See also == *List of eponymous laws *Collaborative software development model *Crowdsourcing *Software peer review *Wisdom of the crowd *Maslow's hierarchy of needs == References == ...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Linux
The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration: the underlying source code may be used, modified, and distributed—commercially or non-...
1
2
3
4
5
Some popular mainstream Linux distributions include Debian (and its derivatives such as Ubuntu), Fedora and openSUSE. Linux distributions include the Linux
kernel
, supporting utilities and libraries ...
1
2
3
4
5
It is a leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers and supercomputers: and video game consoles; the Android system in wide use on mobile devices is bui...
1
2
3
4
5
A distribution intended to run as a server may omit all graphical environments from the standard install and instead include other software such as the Apache HTTP Server and an SSH server such as Op...
1
2
3
4
5
The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration: the underlying source code may be used, modified, and distributed—commercially or non-...
1
2
3
4
5
The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration: the underlying source code may be used, modified, and distributed—commercially or non-...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Graphics_hardware_and_FOSS
In the case of binary drivers there are also objections due to free software philosophy, software quality and security concerns.Linux Weekly News, Aug 14, 2006: X.org, distributors, and proprietary m...
1
2
3
4
5
Also see:
Kernel
Documentation/fb ===ATI/AMD=== Currently support for ATI hardware is provided by the radeon driver, with the majority of cards being supported by either the R300g or R600g Gallium 3D...
1
2
3
4
5
In the case of binary drivers there are also objections due to free software philosophy, software quality and security concerns.Linux Weekly News, Aug 14, 2006: X.org, distributors, and proprietary m...
1
2
3
4
5
In the case of binary drivers there are also objections due to free software philosophy, software quality and security concerns.Linux Weekly News, Aug 14, 2006: X.org, distributors, and proprietary m...
1
2
3
4
5
On the basis of what it concedes is an inadequate benchmark,free3d.org - FAQ: "Is glxgears an accurate measure of 3D performance? No, it sucks in multiple ways." the site currently lists ATI's Radeon...
1
2
3
4
5
Free and open source software (FOSS) can be used with a variety of graphics hardware, largely via the X.Org project. There are varying levels of support, ranging from completely working drivers to uns...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Outline_of_free_software
== Fundamentals == : Main article: Free software *Free software movement *Free software community == General concepts == *Open source *Gratis versus Libre *Open standard *Free-software licence *Open-...
1
2
3
4
5
This type of software, which was given its name in 1983, has also come to be known as "open-source software", "software libre", "FOSS", and "FLOSS". The term "Free" refers to it being unfettered, rat...
1
2
3
4
5
This type of software, which was given its name in 1983, has also come to be known as "open-source software", "software libre", "FOSS", and "FLOSS". The term "Free" refers to it being unfettered, rat...
1
2
3
4
5
This type of software, which was given its name in 1983, has also come to be known as "open-source software", "software libre", "FOSS", and "FLOSS". The term "Free" refers to it being unfettered, rat...
1
2
3
4
5
Raymond == Other leading personalities == * Rick Adams * Eric Allman * Brian Behlendorf * Keith Bostic * Alan Cox * Miguel de Icaza * Theo de Raadt * Jim Gettys * Jon Hall * Jordan Hubbard * Lynne Jo...
1
2
3
4
5
== Fundamentals == : Main article: Free software *Free software movement *Free software community == General concepts == *Open source *Gratis versus Libre *Open standard *Free-software licence *Open-...
1
2
3
4
5
Query:microsoft
From:Microsoft_Partner_Ecosystem
*
Microsoft
Certified Partner ===
Microsoft
Partner Tools=== *
Microsoft
Pinpoint *
Microsoft
Worldwide Partner Conference ==Difference Between Partner Program and Certification Program== The Microsof...
1
2
3
4
5
==Current Structure of The
Microsoft
Partner Network== The current program has a number of ways in which partners may engage. *
Microsoft
Certified Partner ===
Microsoft
Partner Tools=== *
Microsoft
P...
1
2
3
4
5
*
Microsoft
Certified Partner ===
Microsoft
Partner Tools=== *
Microsoft
Pinpoint *
Microsoft
Worldwide Partner Conference ==Difference Between Partner Program and Certification Program== The Microsof...
1
2
3
4
5
==Current Structure of The
Microsoft
Partner Network== The current program has a number of ways in which partners may engage. *
Microsoft
Certified Partner ===
Microsoft
Partner Tools=== *
Microsoft
P...
1
2
3
4
5
==Current Structure of The
Microsoft
Partner Network== The current program has a number of ways in which partners may engage. *
Microsoft
Certified Partner ===
Microsoft
Partner Tools=== *
Microsoft
P...
1
2
3
4
5
==Current Structure of The
Microsoft
Partner Network== The current program has a number of ways in which partners may engage. *
Microsoft
Certified Partner ===
Microsoft
Partner Tools=== *
Microsoft
P...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Microsoft
The company's 1986 initial public offering, and the subsequent rise in the share price, created an estimated three billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from
Microsoft
employees. In May 2011, Microsof...
1
2
3
4
5
The company's 1986 initial public offering, and the subsequent rise in the share price, created an estimated three billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from
Microsoft
employees. In May 2011, Microsof...
1
2
3
4
5
The company's 1986 initial public offering, and the subsequent rise in the share price, created an estimated three billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from
Microsoft
employees. In May 2011, Microsof...
1
2
3
4
5
===1984–1994: Windows and Office=== While jointly developing a new OS with IBM in 1984, OS/2,
Microsoft
released
Microsoft
Windows, a graphical extension for MS-DOS, on November 20.
Microsoft
intro...
1
2
3
4
5
===1984–1994: Windows and Office=== While jointly developing a new OS with IBM in 1984, OS/2,
Microsoft
released
Microsoft
Windows, a graphical extension for MS-DOS, on November 20.
Microsoft
intro...
1
2
3
4
5
===1984–1994: Windows and Office=== While jointly developing a new OS with IBM in 1984, OS/2,
Microsoft
released
Microsoft
Windows, a graphical extension for MS-DOS, on November 20.
Microsoft
intro...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Microsoft_adCenter
As the system was phased in, MSN search showed Yahoo! and
Microsoft
adCenter advertising in its search results.
Microsoft
effort to create AdCenter was led by Tarek Najm, then general manager in MSN ...
1
2
3
4
5
The council was responsible to deliver the next-generation advertising platform for the publishers of digital media resulting in the formation of
Microsoft
pubCenter.
Microsoft
Advertising Announces F...
1
2
3
4
5
Microsoft
also has a (still in beta) service for webmasters who want to monetize on their site:
Microsoft
pubCenter. ==History==
Microsoft
was the last of the "Big Three" search engines (
Microsoft
, G...
1
2
3
4
5
Microsoft
also has a (still in beta) service for webmasters who want to monetize on their site:
Microsoft
pubCenter. ==History==
Microsoft
was the last of the "Big Three" search engines (
Microsoft
, G...
1
2
3
4
5
As the system was phased in, MSN search showed Yahoo! and
Microsoft
adCenter advertising in its search results.
Microsoft
effort to create AdCenter was led by Tarek Najm, then general manager in MSN ...
1
2
3
4
5
As the system was phased in, MSN search showed Yahoo! and
Microsoft
adCenter advertising in its search results.
Microsoft
effort to create AdCenter was led by Tarek Najm, then general manager in MSN ...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Alan_M._Boyd
While he was at
Microsoft
he led or was involved in a large number of software products that have since become household names and are amongst the world’s best-selling, including MS-DOS,
Microsoft
...
1
2
3
4
5
While he was at
Microsoft
he led or was involved in a large number of software products that have since become household names and are amongst the world’s best-selling, including MS-DOS,
Microsoft
...
1
2
3
4
5
While he was at
Microsoft
he led or was involved in a large number of software products that have since become household names and are amongst the world’s best-selling, including MS-DOS,
Microsoft
...
1
2
3
4
5
While he was at
Microsoft
he led or was involved in a large number of software products that have since become household names and are amongst the world’s best-selling, including MS-DOS,
Microsoft
...
1
2
3
4
5
While he was at
Microsoft
he led or was involved in a large number of software products that have since become household names and are amongst the world’s best-selling, including MS-DOS,
Microsoft
...
1
2
3
4
5
While he was at
Microsoft
he led or was involved in a large number of software products that have since become household names and are amongst the world’s best-selling, including MS-DOS,
Microsoft
...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Microsoft_Egypt
Microsoft
Egypt is a division of
Microsoft
which markets
Microsoft
products in Egypt. ==History==
Microsoft
established a branch in Egypt in 1995 as an office representative, becoming a limited liabil...
1
2
3
4
5
Whether it is complying with local laws and regulations, demonstrating ethical business standards,mitigating risks to the environment, or protecting human rights,
Microsoft
is committed to leading th...
1
2
3
4
5
Microsoft
Egypt is a division of
Microsoft
which markets
Microsoft
products in Egypt. ==History==
Microsoft
established a branch in Egypt in 1995 as an office representative, becoming a limited liabil...
1
2
3
4
5
Microsoft
Egypt is a division of
Microsoft
which markets
Microsoft
products in Egypt. ==History==
Microsoft
established a branch in Egypt in 1995 as an office representative, becoming a limited liabil...
1
2
3
4
5
Microsoft
Egypt is a division of
Microsoft
which markets
Microsoft
products in Egypt. ==History==
Microsoft
established a branch in Egypt in 1995 as an office representative, becoming a limited liabil...
1
2
3
4
5
Microsoft
Egypt is a division of
Microsoft
which markets
Microsoft
products in Egypt. ==History==
Microsoft
established a branch in Egypt in 1995 as an office representative, becoming a limited liabil...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Windows_Virtual_PC
Windows Virtual PC (successor to
Microsoft
Virtual PC 2007,
Microsoft
Virtual PC 2004, and Connectix Virtual PC) is a virtualization program for
Microsoft
Windows. In July 2006
Microsoft
released the ...
1
2
3
4
5
Windows Virtual PC (successor to
Microsoft
Virtual PC 2007,
Microsoft
Virtual PC 2004, and Connectix Virtual PC) is a virtualization program for
Microsoft
Windows. In July 2006
Microsoft
released the ...
1
2
3
4
5
Windows Virtual PC (successor to
Microsoft
Virtual PC 2007,
Microsoft
Virtual PC 2004, and Connectix Virtual PC) is a virtualization program for
Microsoft
Windows. In July 2006
Microsoft
released the ...
1
2
3
4
5
Windows Virtual PC (successor to
Microsoft
Virtual PC 2007,
Microsoft
Virtual PC 2004, and Connectix Virtual PC) is a virtualization program for
Microsoft
Windows. In July 2006
Microsoft
released the ...
1
2
3
4
5
Windows Virtual PC (successor to
Microsoft
Virtual PC 2007,
Microsoft
Virtual PC 2004, and Connectix Virtual PC) is a virtualization program for
Microsoft
Windows. In July 2006
Microsoft
released the ...
1
2
3
4
5
Windows Virtual PC (successor to
Microsoft
Virtual PC 2007,
Microsoft
Virtual PC 2004, and Connectix Virtual PC) is a virtualization program for
Microsoft
Windows. In July 2006
Microsoft
released the ...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Microsoft_Worldwide_Partner_Conference
Before 2003, it was two different events,
Microsoft
Fusion and the
Microsoft
Business Solutions Stampede.http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4032751/
Microsoft
-Will-Reinforce-Commitment-to.html ==...
1
2
3
4
5
The
Microsoft
Worldwide Partner Conference, commonly abbreviated WPC, is a conference held annually by
Microsoft
Corporation for its partner community. At WPC, partners learn about
Microsoft
’s roadm...
1
2
3
4
5
There were 10,000 attendees including 6,500
Microsoft
industry partners and other company leaders, sales and marketing executives, and solution architects.http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4416...
1
2
3
4
5
Before 2003, it was two different events,
Microsoft
Fusion and the
Microsoft
Business Solutions Stampede.http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4032751/
Microsoft
-Will-Reinforce-Commitment-to.html ==...
1
2
3
4
5
Before 2003, it was two different events,
Microsoft
Fusion and the
Microsoft
Business Solutions Stampede.http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4032751/
Microsoft
-Will-Reinforce-Commitment-to.html ==...
1
2
3
4
5
Before 2003, it was two different events,
Microsoft
Fusion and the
Microsoft
Business Solutions Stampede.http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4032751/
Microsoft
-Will-Reinforce-Commitment-to.html ==...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Microsoft_pubCenter
The council was responsible to deliver the next-generation advertising platform for the publishers of digital media.
Microsoft
Advertising Announces Formation of Publisher Leadership Council, February...
1
2
3
4
5
The council was responsible to deliver the next-generation advertising platform for the publishers of digital media.
Microsoft
Advertising Announces Formation of Publisher Leadership Council, February...
1
2
3
4
5
The council was responsible to deliver the next-generation advertising platform for the publishers of digital media.
Microsoft
Advertising Announces Formation of Publisher Leadership Council, February...
1
2
3
4
5
The council was responsible to deliver the next-generation advertising platform for the publishers of digital media.
Microsoft
Advertising Announces Formation of Publisher Leadership Council, February...
1
2
3
4
5
The council was responsible to deliver the next-generation advertising platform for the publishers of digital media.
Microsoft
Advertising Announces Formation of Publisher Leadership Council, February...
1
2
3
4
5
The council was responsible to deliver the next-generation advertising platform for the publishers of digital media.
Microsoft
Advertising Announces Formation of Publisher Leadership Council, February...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Protected_Extensible_Authentication_Protocol
PEAPv0 was the version included with
Microsoft
Windows XP and was nominally defined in draft-kamath-pppext-peapv0-00. PEAPv1 and PEAPv2 were defined in different versions of draft-josefsson-pppext-ea...
1
2
3
4
5
Within Cisco products, PEAPv0 supports inner EAP methods EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-SIM while PEAPv1 supports inner EAP methods EAP-GTC and EAP-SIM. Since
Microsoft
only supports PEAPv0 and doesn’t suppo...
1
2
3
4
5
Since
Microsoft
only supports PEAPv0 and doesn’t support PEAPv1,
Microsoft
simply calls PEAPv0 PEAP without the v0 or v1 designator. Another difference between
Microsoft
and Cisco ... ...
1
2
3
4
5
The Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol, also known as Protected EAP or simply PEAP, is a protocol that encapsulates the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) within an encrypted and auth...
1
2
3
4
5
The Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol, also known as Protected EAP or simply PEAP, is a protocol that encapsulates the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) within an encrypted and auth...
1
2
3
4
5
The Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol, also known as Protected EAP or simply PEAP, is a protocol that encapsulates the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) within an encrypted and auth...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Kinect
Microsoft
released Kinect software development kit for Windows 7 on June 16, 2011.[ref] == Technology == Kinect builds on software technology developed internally by Rare, a subsidiary of
Microsoft
G...
1
2
3
4
5
Microsoft
released Kinect software development kit for Windows 7 on June 16, 2011.[ref] == Technology == Kinect builds on software technology developed internally by Rare, a subsidiary of
Microsoft
G...
1
2
3
4
5
Microsoft
released Kinect software development kit for Windows 7 on June 16, 2011.[ref] == Technology == Kinect builds on software technology developed internally by Rare, a subsidiary of
Microsoft
G...
1
2
3
4
5
Microsoft
released Kinect software development kit for Windows 7 on June 16, 2011.[ref] == Technology == Kinect builds on software technology developed internally by Rare, a subsidiary of
Microsoft
G...
1
2
3
4
5
18 million units of the Kinect sensor had been shipped as of January 2012.
Microsoft
released Kinect software development kit for Windows 7 on June 16, 2011.[ref] == Technology == Kinect builds on so...
1
2
3
4
5
Microsoft
released Kinect software development kit for Windows 7 on June 16, 2011.[ref] == Technology == Kinect builds on software technology developed internally by Rare, a subsidiary of
Microsoft
G...
1
2
3
4
5
Query:open source
From:Open_source
A main principle and practice of
open
-
source
software development is peer production by bartering and collaboration, with the end-product,
source
-material, "blueprints", and documentation available a...
1
2
3
4
5
The
open
-
source
model includes the concept of concurrent yet different agendas and differing approaches in production, in contrast with more centralized models of development such as those typically ...
1
2
3
4
5
The
open
-
source
model includes the concept of concurrent yet different agendas and differing approaches in production, in contrast with more centralized models of development such as those typically ...
1
2
3
4
5
The
open
-
source
model includes the concept of concurrent yet different agendas and differing approaches in production, in contrast with more centralized models of development such as those typically ...
1
2
3
4
5
The
open
-
source
model includes the concept of concurrent yet different agendas and differing approaches in production, in contrast with more centralized models of development such as those typically ...
1
2
3
4
5
A main principle and practice of
open
-
source
software development is peer production by bartering and collaboration, with the end-product,
source
-material, "blueprints", and documentation available a...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Open_source_movement
The
open
source
movement is a broad-reaching movement of individuals who support the use of
open
source
licences for some or all software. The main difference between
open
-
source
and traditional propr...
1
2
3
4
5
The
open
source
movement is a broad-reaching movement of individuals who support the use of
open
source
licences for some or all software. The main difference between
open
-
source
and traditional propr...
1
2
3
4
5
Programmers who support the
open
source
movement philosophy contribute to the
open
source
community by voluntarily writing and exchanging programming code for software development.Wyllys, R.E. (2000)...
1
2
3
4
5
The
open
source
movement is a broad-reaching movement of individuals who support the use of
open
source
licences for some or all software. The main difference between
open
-
source
and traditional propr...
1
2
3
4
5
The
open
source
movement is a broad-reaching movement of individuals who support the use of
open
source
licences for some or all software. The main difference between
open
-
source
and traditional propr...
1
2
3
4
5
The
open
source
movement is a broad-reaching movement of individuals who support the use of
open
source
licences for some or all software. The main difference between
open
-
source
and traditional propr...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Open-source_software
* Localization.Casson and Ryan,
Open
Standards,
Open
Source
Adoption in the Public Sector, and Their Relationship to Microsoft’s Market Dominance Particularly in the context of local governments (w...
1
2
3
4
5
In 1998, a group of individuals advocated that the term free software should be replaced by
open
source
software (OSS) as an expression which is less ambiguous and more comfortable for the corporate ...
1
2
3
4
5
Open
-
source
software (OSS) is computer software that is available in
source
code form: the
source
code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under an
open
-
sourc
...
1
2
3
4
5
Open
-
source
software (OSS) is computer software that is available in
source
code form: the
source
code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under an
open
-
sourc
...
1
2
3
4
5
* Localization.Casson and Ryan,
Open
Standards,
Open
Source
Adoption in the Public Sector, and Their Relationship to Microsoft’s Market Dominance Particularly in the context of local governments (w...
1
2
3
4
5
* Localization.Casson and Ryan,
Open
Standards,
Open
Source
Adoption in the Public Sector, and Their Relationship to Microsoft’s Market Dominance Particularly in the context of local governments (w...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Commercial_open_source_applications
Since GNU and some other
open
source
licenses stipulate that derived works must distribute their intellectual property under an
open
source
(copyleft) license, ISVs and VARs have developed legal and ...
1
2
3
4
5
Since GNU and some other
open
source
licenses stipulate that derived works must distribute their intellectual property under an
open
source
(copyleft) license, ISVs and VARs have developed legal and ...
1
2
3
4
5
#Functional encapsulation, where an
open
source
framework or library is installed on a user's computer separately from the commercial product, and the commercial product uses the
open
source
function...
1
2
3
4
5
Since GNU and some other
open
source
licenses stipulate that derived works must distribute their intellectual property under an
open
source
(copyleft) license, ISVs and VARs have developed legal and ...
1
2
3
4
5
Since GNU and some other
open
source
licenses stipulate that derived works must distribute their intellectual property under an
open
source
(copyleft) license, ISVs and VARs have developed legal and ...
1
2
3
4
5
Since GNU and some other
open
source
licenses stipulate that derived works must distribute their intellectual property under an
open
source
(copyleft) license, ISVs and VARs have developed legal and ...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Open_source_software_development
These are software products “available with its
source
code and under an
open
source
license to study, change, and improve its design”. Examples of popular
open
source
software products are Mozil...
1
2
3
4
5
This diagram is made using the meta-modeling and meta-process modeling techniques. The process starts with a choice between the adopting of an existing project, or the starting of a new project. If a...
1
2
3
4
5
The process starts with a choice between the adopting of an existing project, or the starting of a new project. If a new project is started, the process goes to the Initiation phase. If an existing p...
1
2
3
4
5
The process starts with a choice between the adopting of an existing project, or the starting of a new project. If a new project is started, the process goes to the Initiation phase. If an existing p...
1
2
3
4
5
Open
source
software development is the process by which
open
source
software (or similar software whose
source
code is publicly available) is developed. These are software products “available with ...
1
2
3
4
5
Open
source
software development is the process by which
open
source
software (or similar software whose
source
code is publicly available) is developed. These are software products “available with ...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Free_and_open-source_software
Free and
open
-
source
software (F/OSS, FOSS) or free/libre/
open
-
source
software (FLOSS) is software that is both free software and
open
source
. It is liberally licensed to grant users the right to use,...
1
2
3
4
5
Free and
open
-
source
software (F/OSS, FOSS) or free/libre/
open
-
source
software (FLOSS) is software that is both free software and
open
source
. It is liberally licensed to grant users the right to use,...
1
2
3
4
5
While some software might always be free, there would be a growing amount of software that was for sale only. In the 1970s and early 1980s, the software industry began using technical measures (such ...
1
2
3
4
5
Free and
open
-
source
software (F/OSS, FOSS) or free/libre/
open
-
source
software (FLOSS) is software that is both free software and
open
source
. It is liberally licensed to grant users the right to use,...
1
2
3
4
5
Free and
open
-
source
software (F/OSS, FOSS) or free/libre/
open
-
source
software (FLOSS) is software that is both free software and
open
source
. It is liberally licensed to grant users the right to use,...
1
2
3
4
5
Free and
open
-
source
software (F/OSS, FOSS) or free/libre/
open
-
source
software (FLOSS) is software that is both free software and
open
source
. It is liberally licensed to grant users the right to use,...
1
2
3
4
5
From:SCO_Skunkware
SCO Skunkware packaged components exist for SCO Xenix, SCO UNIX, SCO OpenServer 5, SCO OpenServer 6, UnixWare 2, Caldera OpenLinux,
Open
UNIX 8, and UnixWare 7.SCO Skunkware website SCO Skunkware was...
1
2
3
4
5
Licenses used by SCO Skunkware components include or are similar to: * GNU General Public License * GNU Library General Public License * Artistic License * Mozilla Public License * Netscape Public Li...
1
2
3
4
5
Some components may restrict their use to non-commercial purposes or require a license fee for commercial use (e.g. ... ...
1
2
3
4
5
Licenses used by SCO Skunkware components include or are similar to: * GNU General Public License * GNU Library General Public License * Artistic License * Mozilla Public License * Netscape Public Li...
1
2
3
4
5
SCO Skunkware, often referred to as simply "Skunkware", is a collection of
Open
Source
software projects ported, compiled, and packaged for free redistribution on SCO operating environments. SCO Skunk...
1
2
3
4
5
SCO Skunkware, often referred to as simply "Skunkware", is a collection of
Open
Source
software projects ported, compiled, and packaged for free redistribution on SCO operating environments. SCO Skunk...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Commercial_open_source_software
Therefore, the term COSS refers not to how software is used, but to a certain type of software that includes some free
open
source
software and some software elements released under closed proprietar...
1
2
3
4
5
Arguably the right term for these "mixed-
source
" applications is Proprietary Software, while the term many of the companies behind them prefer, is COSS. Commercial
open
source
software interests larg...
1
2
3
4
5
The phrase Commercial
open
source
software (COSS) is used as a synonym for Proprietary
Open
Source
Software, which contains some elements of free and
open
source
software. The requirements for legitim...
1
2
3
4
5
The phrase Commercial
open
source
software (COSS) is used as a synonym for Proprietary
Open
Source
Software, which contains some elements of free and
open
source
software. The requirements for legitim...
1
2
3
4
5
Therefore, the term COSS refers not to how software is used, but to a certain type of software that includes some free
open
source
software and some software elements released under closed proprietar...
1
2
3
4
5
Therefore, the term COSS refers not to how software is used, but to a certain type of software that includes some free
open
source
software and some software elements released under closed proprietar...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Open-source_advocacy
It can also refer to advocacy of
open
source
hardware,
open
source
design and other uses of an
open
source
approach such as
open
source
appropriate technology. In some cases, this may be in oppositio...
1
2
3
4
5
It can also refer to advocacy of
open
source
hardware,
open
source
design and other uses of an
open
source
approach such as
open
source
appropriate technology. In some cases, this may be in oppositio...
1
2
3
4
5
==See also== * Technical evangelist ==External links== * OSI
open
-
source
advocacy reading index * * Oracle names
Open
-
Source
Evangelist *
Open
-
Source
Evangelist Will Work For Free Software, But Not F...
1
2
3
4
5
==See also== * Technical evangelist ==External links== * OSI
open
-
source
advocacy reading index * * Oracle names
Open
-
Source
Evangelist *
Open
-
Source
Evangelist Will Work For Free Software, But Not F...
1
2
3
4
5
Gutsy geeks and
Open
Source
(radio show) are but two examples. ==See also== * Technical evangelist ==External links== * OSI
open
-
source
advocacy reading index * * Oracle names
Open
-
Source
Evangelist ...
1
2
3
4
5
It can also refer to advocacy of
open
source
hardware,
open
source
design and other uses of an
open
source
approach such as
open
source
appropriate technology. In some cases, this may be in oppositio...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Comparison_of_open_source_and_closed_source
Free/
open
source
software - the
source
availability model used by free and
open
source
software (FOSS) - and closed
source
are two approaches to the distribution of software. == Background == Under th...
1
2
3
4
5
Although in August 2010, Microsoft interoperability general manager Jean Paoli said Microsoft "loves
open
source
" and its anti-
open
source
position was a mistake.Microsoft: 'We Love
Open
Source
' The ...
1
2
3
4
5
FOSS can and has been commercialized by companies such as Red Hat, IBM, Novell, Oracle, Mozilla Foundation, VMware and others. == Commercialization == === Closed-
source
Software=== The primary busine...
1
2
3
4
5
Although in August 2010, Microsoft interoperability general manager Jean Paoli said Microsoft "loves
open
source
" and its anti-
open
source
position was a mistake.Microsoft: 'We Love
Open
Source
' The ...
1
2
3
4
5
Free/
open
source
software - the
source
availability model used by free and
open
source
software (FOSS) - and closed
source
are two approaches to the distribution of software. == Background == Under th...
1
2
3
4
5
Free/
open
source
software - the
source
availability model used by free and
open
source
software (FOSS) - and closed
source
are two approaches to the distribution of software. == Background == Under th...
1
2
3
4
5
Query:precision recall
From:Precision_and_recall
[[File:
recall
-
precision
.svg|thumb|right| In this figure the relevant items are to the left of the straight line while the retrieved items are within the oval. The red regions represent errors. On the ...
1
2
3
4
5
Precision
and
recall
are the quotient of the left green region by respectively the oval (horizontal arrow) and the left region (diagonal arrow).]] In pattern recognition and information retrieval, pr...
1
2
3
4
5
On the left these are the relevant items not retrieved (false negatives), while on the right they are the retrieved items that are not relevant (false positives).
Precision
and
recall
are the quotien...
1
2
3
4
5
Precision
and
recall
are the quotient of the left green region by respectively the oval (horizontal arrow) and the left region (diagonal arrow).]] In pattern recognition and information retrieval, pr...
1
2
3
4
5
[[File:
recall
-
precision
.svg|thumb|right| In this figure the relevant items are to the left of the straight line while the retrieved items are within the oval. The red regions represent errors. On the ...
1
2
3
4
5
[[File:
recall
-
precision
.svg|thumb|right| In this figure the relevant items are to the left of the straight line while the retrieved items are within the oval. The red regions represent errors. On the ...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Query_expansion
Query expansion involves techniques such as: * Finding synonyms of words, and searching for the synonyms as well * Finding all the various morphological forms of words by stemming each word in the se...
1
2
3
4
5
By stemming a user-entered term, more documents are matched, as the alternate word forms for a user entered term are matched as well, increasing the total
recall
. This comes at the expense of reducin...
1
2
3
4
5
Query expansion (QE) is the process of reformulating a seed query to improve retrieval performance in information retrieval operations.[ref] </ref> In the context of web search engines, query expansio...
1
2
3
4
5
Query expansion involves techniques such as: * Finding synonyms of words, and searching for the synonyms as well * Finding all the various morphological forms of words by stemming each word in the se...
1
2
3
4
5
This comes at the expense of reducing the
precision
. By expanding a search query to search for the synonyms of a user entered term, the
recall
is also increased at the expense of
precision
. This is d...
1
2
3
4
5
By ranking the occurrences of both the user entered words and synonyms and alternate morphological forms, documents with a higher density (high frequency and close proximity) tend to migrate higher u...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Full_text_search
recall
tradeoff==
Recall
measures the quantity of results returned by a search and
precision
is the measure of the quality of the results returned.
Recall
is the ratio of relevant results returned di...
1
2
3
4
5
==The
precision
vs.
recall
tradeoff==
Recall
measures the quantity of results returned by a search and
precision
is the measure of the quality of the results returned.
Recall
is the ratio of relevant...
1
2
3
4
5
recall
tradeoff==
Recall
measures the quantity of results returned by a search and
precision
is the measure of the quality of the results returned.
Recall
is the ratio of relevant results returned di...
1
2
3
4
5
recall
tradeoff==
Recall
measures the quantity of results returned by a search and
precision
is the measure of the quality of the results returned.
Recall
is the ratio of relevant results returned di...
1
2
3
4
5
Some indexers also employ language-specific stemming on the words being indexed, so for example any of the words "drives", "drove", or "driven" will be recorded in the index under a single concept wo...
1
2
3
4
5
recall
tradeoff==
Recall
measures the quantity of results returned by a search and
precision
is the measure of the quality of the results returned.
Recall
is the ratio of relevant results returned di...
1
2
3
4
5
From:IR_evaluation
Precision
at k documents (P@k) is still a useful metric (e.g., P@10 corresponds to the number of relevant results on the first search results page), but fails to take into account the positions of th...
1
2
3
4
5
Traditional evaluation metrics, designed for Boolean retrieval or top-k retrieval, include
precision
and
recall
. *
Precision
is the fraction of retrieved documents that are relevant to the query: *Rec...
1
2
3
4
5
*
Precision
is the fraction of retrieved documents that are relevant to the query: *
Recall
is the fraction of the documents relevant to the query that are successfully retrieved: For modern (Web-scale...
1
2
3
4
5
*
Precision
is the fraction of retrieved documents that are relevant to the query: *
Recall
is the fraction of the documents relevant to the query that are successfully retrieved: For modern (Web-scale...
1
2
3
4
5
Traditional evaluation metrics, designed for Boolean retrieval or top-k retrieval, include
precision
and
recall
. *
Precision
is the fraction of retrieved documents that are relevant to the query: *Rec...
1
2
3
4
5
*
Precision
is the fraction of retrieved documents that are relevant to the query: *
Recall
is the fraction of the documents relevant to the query that are successfully retrieved: For modern (Web-scale...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Information_retrieval
There is overlap in the usage of the terms data retrieval, document retrieval, information retrieval, and text retrieval, but each also has its own body of literature, theory, praxis, and technologie...
1
2
3
4
5
Information retrieval (IR) is the area of study concerned with searching for documents, for information within documents, and for metadata about documents, as well as that of searching structured stor...
1
2
3
4
5
There is overlap in the usage of the terms data retrieval, document retrieval, information retrieval, and text retrieval, but each also has its own body of literature, theory, praxis, and technologie...
1
2
3
4
5
Information retrieval (IR) is the area of study concerned with searching for documents, for information within documents, and for metadata about documents, as well as that of searching structured stor...
1
2
3
4
5
The use of digital methods for storing and retrieving information has led to the phenomenon of digital obsolescence, where a digital resource ceases to be readable because the physical media, the rea...
1
2
3
4
5
Information retrieval (IR) is the area of study concerned with searching for documents, for information within documents, and for metadata about documents, as well as that of searching structured stor...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Legal_information_retrieval
Legal information retrieval is the science of information retrieval applied to legal text, including legislation, case law, and scholarly works.Maxwell, K.T., and Schafer, B. 2009, p. 1 Accurate legal...
1
2
3
4
5
In some jurisdictions this may be especially problematic, as legal professionals are ethically obligated to be reasonably informed as to relevant legal documents.American Bar Association, Model Rules...
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In some jurisdictions this may be especially problematic, as legal professionals are ethically obligated to be reasonably informed as to relevant legal documents.American Bar Association, Model Rules...
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In some jurisdictions this may be especially problematic, as legal professionals are ethically obligated to be reasonably informed as to relevant legal documents.American Bar Association, Model Rules...
1
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5
In some jurisdictions this may be especially problematic, as legal professionals are ethically obligated to be reasonably informed as to relevant legal documents.American Bar Association, Model Rules...
1
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5
In some jurisdictions this may be especially problematic, as legal professionals are ethically obligated to be reasonably informed as to relevant legal documents.American Bar Association, Model Rules...
1
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5
From:Rocchio_algorithm
As the weights are increased or decreased for a particular category of documents, the coordinates for the modified vector begin to move either closer, or farther away, from the centroid of the docume...
1
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5
Therefore, the user's search query is revised to include an arbitrary percentage of relevant and non-relevant documents as a means of increasing the search engine's
recall
, and possibly the
precision
...
1
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3
4
5
In particular, the values for b and c should be incremented or decremented proportionally to the set of documents classified by the user. If the user decides that the modified query should not contai...
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In particular, the values for b and c should be incremented or decremented proportionally to the set of documents classified by the user. If the user decides that the modified query should not contai...
1
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5
In particular, the values for b and c should be incremented or decremented proportionally to the set of documents classified by the user. If the user decides that the modified query should not contai...
1
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3
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5
In particular, the values for b and c should be incremented or decremented proportionally to the set of documents classified by the user. If the user decides that the modified query should not contai...
1
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3
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5
From:Semantic_compression
In a new study, researchers report that despite their difference of opinions, these insects act the same network of genes to steer their party demeanor. The study appears in the proceeding of the ins...
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5
In a new study, researchers report that despite their difference of opinions, these insects act the same network of genes to steer their party demeanor. The study appears in the proceeding of the ins...
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In a new study, researchers report that despite their difference of opinions, these insects act the same network of genes to steer their party demeanor. The study appears in the proceeding of the ins...
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5
In a new study, researchers report that despite their difference of opinions, these insects act the same network of genes to steer their party demeanor. The study appears in the proceeding of the ins...
1
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5
The study appears in the proceeding of the institution bacteria Biological Sciences. Honey insects and insect are separated by more than hundred million years of organic process, and there are imping...
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5
Honey bees and paper wasps are separated by more than 100 million years of evolution, and there are striking differences in how they divvy up the work of maintaining a colony.The procedure outputs th...
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5
From:Term_Discrimination
On the other hand, a sub-optimal index term can not distinguish two different document from two similar documents. The discrimination value is the difference in the occurrence matrix's vector-space d...
1
2
3
4
5
The discrimination value is the difference in the occurrence matrix's vector-space density versus the same matrix's vector-space without the index term's density. Let: Then: == How to compute == A hi...
1
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5
Let: Then: == How to compute == A higher value is better because including the keyword will result in better information retrieval. == Qualitative Observations == Keywords that are sparse should be p...
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5
This method uses the concept of Vector Space Density that the less dense an occurrence matrix is, the better an information retrieval query will be. An optimal index term is one that can distinguish ...
1
2
3
4
5
On the other hand, a sub-optimal index term can not distinguish two different document from two similar documents. The discrimination value is the difference in the occurrence matrix's vector-space d...
1
2
3
4
5
The discrimination value is the difference in the occurrence matrix's vector-space density versus the same matrix's vector-space without the index term's density. Let: Then: == How to compute == A hi...
1
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3
4
5
From:Enterprise_search
=== Query parsing === Using a web page, the user issues a query to the system. The query consists of any terms the user enters as well as ... ...
1
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3
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5
http://www.aiim.org/What-is-Enterprise-Search Enterprise search can be contrasted with web search, which applies search technology to documents on the open web, and desktop search, which applies sear...
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5
=== Query parsing === Using a web page, the user issues a query to the system. The query consists of any terms the user enters as well as ... ...
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5
=== Query parsing === Using a web page, the user issues a query to the system. The query consists of any terms the user enters as well as ... ...
1
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3
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5
It is also common to normalize tokens to lower case to provide case-insensitive search, as well as to normalize accents to provide better
recall
.http://packages.python.org/Whoosh/stemming.html === In...
1
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5
The index may contain the dictionary of all unique words in the corpus as well as information about ranking and term frequency. === Query parsing === Using a web page, the user issues a query to the ...
1
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5
Query:snowball
From:Stemming
In linguistic morphology and information retrieval, stemming is the process for reducing inflected (or sometimes derived) words to their stem, base or root form—generally a written word form. The st...
1
2
3
4
5
In linguistic morphology and information retrieval, stemming is the process for reducing inflected (or sometimes derived) words to their stem, base or root form—generally a written word form. The st...
1
2
3
4
5
In linguistic morphology and information retrieval, stemming is the process for reducing inflected (or sometimes derived) words to their stem, base or root form—generally a written word form. The st...
1
2
3
4
5
In linguistic morphology and information retrieval, stemming is the process for reducing inflected (or sometimes derived) words to their stem, base or root form—generally a written word form. The st...
1
2
3
4
5
In linguistic morphology and information retrieval, stemming is the process for reducing inflected (or sometimes derived) words to their stem, base or root form—generally a written word form. The st...
1
2
3
4
5
In linguistic morphology and information retrieval, stemming is the process for reducing inflected (or sometimes derived) words to their stem, base or root form—generally a written word form. The st...
1
2
3
4
5
Query:tf idf
From:Tf%2Aidf
However, because the term "the" is so common, this will tend to incorrectly emphasize documents which happen to use the word "the" more frequently, without giving enough weight to the more meaningful...
1
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3
4
5
It is obtained by dividing the total number of documents by the number of documents containing the term, and then taking the logarithm of that quotient. with Mathematically the base of the log functi...
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3
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5
However, because the term "the" is so common, this will tend to incorrectly emphasize documents which happen to use the word "the" more frequently, without giving enough weight to the more meaningful...
1
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3
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5
It is obtained by dividing the total number of documents by the number of documents containing the term, and then taking the logarithm of that quotient. with Mathematically the base of the log functi...
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5
==Mathematical details== The inverse document frequency is a measure of whether the term is common or rare across all documents. It is obtained by dividing the total number of documents by the number...
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5
However, because the term "the" is so common, this will tend to incorrectly emphasize documents which happen to use the word "the" more frequently, without giving enough weight to the more meaningful...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Vector_space_model
If the words are chosen to be the terms, the dimensionality of the vector is the number of words in the vocabulary (the number of distinct words occurring in the corpus). Vector operations can be use...
1
2
3
4
5
If the words are chosen to be the terms, the dimensionality of the vector is the number of words in the vocabulary (the number of distinct words occurring in the corpus). Vector operations can be use...
1
2
3
4
5
If the words are chosen to be the terms, the dimensionality of the vector is the number of words in the vocabulary (the number of distinct words occurring in the corpus). Vector operations can be use...
1
2
3
4
5
If the words are chosen to be the terms, the dimensionality of the vector is the number of words in the vocabulary (the number of distinct words occurring in the corpus). Vector operations can be use...
1
2
3
4
5
the query term does not exist in the document being considered). See cosine similarity for further information. ==Example:
tf
-
idf
weights== and Using the cosine the similarity between document dj and...
1
2
3
4
5
If the words are chosen to be the terms, the dimensionality of the vector is the number of words in the vocabulary (the number of distinct words occurring in the corpus). Vector operations can be use...
1
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3
4
5
From:Fisher_kernel
== Applications == === Information retrieval === The Fisher kernel is the kernel for a generative probabilistic model. As such, it constitutes a bridge between generative and probabilistic models of ...
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3
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5
The function taking θ to log P(X|θ) is the log-likelihood of the probabilistic model. === Fisher kernel === The Fisher kernel is defined as with I the Fisher information matrix. == Applications == ...
1
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5
As such, it constitutes a bridge between generative and probabilistic models of documents.Cyril Goutte, Eric Gaussier, Nicola Cancedda, Hervé Dejean (2004))"Generative vs Discriminative Approaches t...
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5
The function taking θ to log P(X|θ) is the log-likelihood of the probabilistic model. === Fisher kernel === The Fisher kernel is defined as with I the Fisher information matrix. == Applications == ...
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3
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5
The function taking θ to log P(X|θ) is the log-likelihood of the probabilistic model. === Fisher kernel === The Fisher kernel is defined as with I the Fisher information matrix. == Applications == ...
1
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5
=== Fisher kernel === The Fisher kernel is defined as with I the Fisher information matrix. == Applications == === Information retrieval === The Fisher kernel is the kernel for a generative probabili...
1
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3
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5
From:Learning_to_rank
Typically, users expect a search query to complete in a short time (such as a few hundred milliseconds for web search), which makes it impossible to evaluate a complex ranking model on each document ...
1
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3
4
5
Learning to rank is a relatively new research area which has emerged in the past decade. == Applications == === In information retrieval === Ranking is a central part of many information retrieval pr...
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3
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5
Typically, users expect a search query to complete in a short time (such as a few hundred milliseconds for web search), which makes it impossible to evaluate a complex ranking model on each document ...
1
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3
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5
A possible architecture of a machine-learned search engine is shown in the figure to the right. Training data consists of queries and documents matching them together with relevance degree of each ma...
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3
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5
Typically, users expect a search query to complete in a short time (such as a few hundred milliseconds for web search), which makes it impossible to evaluate a complex ranking model on each document ...
1
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3
4
5
Typically, users expect a search query to complete in a short time (such as a few hundred milliseconds for web search), which makes it impossible to evaluate a complex ranking model on each document ...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Clairlib
Clairlib is a suite of open-source Perl modules developed and maintained by the Computational Linguistics And Information Retrieval (CLAIR) group at the University of Michigan. Clairlib is intended to...
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Clairlib is a suite of open-source Perl modules developed and maintained by the Computational Linguistics And Information Retrieval (CLAIR) group at the University of Michigan. Clairlib is intended to...
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3
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5
Clairlib is a suite of open-source Perl modules developed and maintained by the Computational Linguistics And Information Retrieval (CLAIR) group at the University of Michigan. Clairlib is intended to...
1
2
3
4
5
Clairlib is a suite of open-source Perl modules developed and maintained by the Computational Linguistics And Information Retrieval (CLAIR) group at the University of Michigan. Clairlib is intended to...
1
2
3
4
5
Clairlib is a suite of open-source Perl modules developed and maintained by the Computational Linguistics And Information Retrieval (CLAIR) group at the University of Michigan. Clairlib is intended to...
1
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3
4
5
Clairlib is a suite of open-source Perl modules developed and maintained by the Computational Linguistics And Information Retrieval (CLAIR) group at the University of Michigan. Clairlib is intended to...
1
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5
From:Champion_list
The champion list contains a set of n documents with the heighest weights for the given term. The number n can be chosen to be different for each term and is often higher for rarer terms. The weights...
1
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3
4
5
The champion list contains a set of n documents with the heighest weights for the given term. The number n can be chosen to be different for each term and is often higher for rarer terms. The weights...
1
2
3
4
5
The champion list contains a set of n documents with the heighest weights for the given term. The number n can be chosen to be different for each term and is often higher for rarer terms. The weights...
1
2
3
4
5
A champion list, also called top doc or fancy list is a precomputed list sometimes used with the vector space model to avoid computing relevancy rankings for all documents each time a document collect...
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3
4
5
A champion list, also called top doc or fancy list is a precomputed list sometimes used with the vector space model to avoid computing relevancy rankings for all documents each time a document collect...
1
2
3
4
5
The champion list contains a set of n documents with the heighest weights for the given term. The number n can be chosen to be different for each term and is often higher for rarer terms. The weights...
1
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3
4
5
From:Term_Discrimination
On the other hand, a sub-optimal index term can not distinguish two different document from two similar documents. The discrimination value is the difference in the occurrence matrix's vector-space d...
1
2
3
4
5
An optimal index term is one that can distinguish two different documents from each other and relate two similar documents. On the other hand, a sub-optimal index term can not distinguish two differe...
1
2
3
4
5
On the other hand, a sub-optimal index term can not distinguish two different document from two similar documents. The discrimination value is the difference in the occurrence matrix's vector-space d...
1
2
3
4
5
On the other hand, a sub-optimal index term can not distinguish two different document from two similar documents. The discrimination value is the difference in the occurrence matrix's vector-space d...
1
2
3
4
5
On the other hand, a sub-optimal index term can not distinguish two different document from two similar documents. The discrimination value is the difference in the occurrence matrix's vector-space d...
1
2
3
4
5
The discrimination value is the difference in the occurrence matrix's vector-space density versus the same matrix's vector-space without the index term's density. Let: Then: == How to compute == A hi...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Cosine_similarity
The cosine of 0 is 1, and less than 1 for any other angle; the lowest value of the cosine is -1. The cosine of the angle between two vectors thus determines whether two vectors are pointing in roughl...
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2
3
4
5
Although the term "cosine similarity" has been used for this angular distance, the term is oddly used as the cosine of the angle is used only as a convenient mechanism for calculating the angle itsel...
1
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3
4
5
The cosine of 0 is 1, and less than 1 for any other angle; the lowest value of the cosine is -1. The cosine of the angle between two vectors thus determines whether two vectors are pointing in roughl...
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2
3
4
5
Although the term "cosine similarity" has been used for this angular distance, the term is oddly used as the cosine of the angle is used only as a convenient mechanism for calculating the angle itsel...
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3
4
5
Cosine similarity is a measure of similarity between two vectors by measuring the cosine of the angle between them. The cosine of 0 is 1, and less than 1 for any other angle; the lowest value of the c...
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5
For text matching, the attribute vectors A and B are usually the term frequency vectors of the documents. The cosine similarity can be seen as a method of normalizing document length during compariso...
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5
From:Query_expansion
By ranking the occurrences of both the user entered words and synonyms and alternate morphological forms, documents with a higher density (high frequency and close proximity) tend to migrate higher u...
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2
3
4
5
By ranking the occurrences of both the user entered words and synonyms and alternate morphological forms, documents with a higher density (high frequency and close proximity) tend to migrate higher u...
1
2
3
4
5
By ranking the occurrences of both the user entered words and synonyms and alternate morphological forms, documents with a higher density (high frequency and close proximity) tend to migrate higher u...
1
2
3
4
5
By ranking the occurrences of both the user entered words and synonyms and alternate morphological forms, documents with a higher density (high frequency and close proximity) tend to migrate higher u...
1
2
3
4
5
By ranking the occurrences of both the user entered words and synonyms and alternate morphological forms, documents with a higher density (high frequency and close proximity) tend to migrate higher u...
1
2
3
4
5
By ranking the occurrences of both the user entered words and synonyms and alternate morphological forms, documents with a higher density (high frequency and close proximity) tend to migrate higher u...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Fuzzy_retrieval
In comparison to the MMM model that considers only the minimum and maximum weights for the index terms, the Paice model incorporates all of the term weights when calculating the similarity: where r i...
1
2
3
4
5
The degree of membership for union and intersection are defined as follows in Fuzzy set theory: According to this, documents that should be retrieved for a query of the form A or B, should be in the ...
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2
3
4
5
In comparison to the MMM model that considers only the minimum and maximum weights for the index terms, the Paice model incorporates all of the term weights when calculating the similarity: where r i...
1
2
3
4
5
The degree of membership for union and intersection are defined as follows in Fuzzy set theory: According to this, documents that should be retrieved for a query of the form A or B, should be in the ...
1
2
3
4
5
The degree of membership for union and intersection are defined as follows in Fuzzy set theory: According to this, documents that should be retrieved for a query of the form A or B, should be in the ...
1
2
3
4
5
In comparison to the MMM model that considers only the minimum and maximum weights for the index terms, the Paice model incorporates all of the term weights when calculating the similarity: where r i...
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5
Query:weighting schema
From:Schema.org
Schema
.org is an initiative launched on 2 June 2011 by Bing, Google and Yahoo!Google's blog postBing's blog postYahoo!s blog posts to "create and support a common set of
schemas
for structured data ma...
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5
Within the
schema
for a movie is a
schema
for a person. ==References== == External links == *
Schema
.org * original discussion group, now moved to W3C * GetSchema Annotating HTML5 with
Schema
.org and...
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5
Schema
.org is an initiative launched on 2 June 2011 by Bing, Google and Yahoo!Google's blog postBing's blog postYahoo!s blog posts to "create and support a common set of
schemas
for structured data ma...
1
2
3
4
5
The kind of the current item can be defined by using the attribute itemprop. Within the
schema
for a movie is a
schema
for a person. ==References== == External links == *
Schema
.org * original discus...
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2
3
4
5
The kind of the current item can be defined by using the attribute itemprop. Within the
schema
for a movie is a
schema
for a person. ==References== == External links == *
Schema
.org * original discus...
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3
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5
A canonical mapping from the terms defined in
Schema
.org to RDF (expressed in RDF
Schema
) is available.
Schema
.RDFS.org == Example == The following is an example of how to embed information about a m...
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3
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5
From:Common_Information_Model_%28computing%29
==
Schema
and specifications== The CIM standard includes the CIM Infrastructure Specification and the CIM
Schema
: *CIM Infrastructure Specification :The CIM Infrastructure Specification defines the ar...
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5
==Versions== *The latest version (2.29.0) of the CIM
Schema
was published on May 3, 2011. *Version 2.28.0 of the CIM
Schema
was published on February 2, 2011. *Version 2.27.0 of the CIM
Schema
was pu...
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5
*CIM
Schema
:The CIM
Schema
is a conceptual
schema
which defines the specific set of objects and relationships between them that represent a common base for the managed elements in an IT environment....
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5
*CIM
Schema
:The CIM
Schema
is a conceptual
schema
which defines the specific set of objects and relationships between them that represent a common base for the managed elements in an IT environment....
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2
3
4
5
==
Schema
and specifications== The CIM standard includes the CIM Infrastructure Specification and the CIM
Schema
: *CIM Infrastructure Specification :The CIM Infrastructure Specification defines the ar...
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5
Inheritance allows specialization of common base elements into more specific derived elements. *CIM
Schema
:The CIM
Schema
is a conceptual
schema
which defines the specific set of objects and relatio...
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2
3
4
5
From:PKP_Open_Archives_Harvester
It can harvest metadata in a variety of
schemas
(including unqualified Dublin Core, the PKP Dublin Core extension, the Metadata Object Description
Schema
(MODS), and MARCXML). Additional
schema
are s...
1
2
3
4
5
It can harvest metadata in a variety of
schemas
(including unqualified Dublin Core, the PKP Dublin Core extension, the Metadata Object Description
Schema
(MODS), and MARCXML). Additional
schema
are s...
1
2
3
4
5
It can harvest metadata in a variety of
schemas
(including unqualified Dublin Core, the PKP Dublin Core extension, the Metadata Object Description
Schema
(MODS), and MARCXML). Additional
schema
are s...
1
2
3
4
5
It can harvest metadata in a variety of
schemas
(including unqualified Dublin Core, the PKP Dublin Core extension, the Metadata Object Description
Schema
(MODS), and MARCXML). Additional
schema
are s...
1
2
3
4
5
It can harvest metadata in a variety of
schemas
(including unqualified Dublin Core, the PKP Dublin Core extension, the Metadata Object Description
Schema
(MODS), and MARCXML). Additional
schema
are s...
1
2
3
4
5
It can harvest metadata in a variety of
schemas
(including unqualified Dublin Core, the PKP Dublin Core extension, the Metadata Object Description
Schema
(MODS), and MARCXML). Additional
schema
are s...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Sensor_Observation_Service
=== Extended operations (enhanced profile) === * GetResult provides the ability to query for sensor readings without the metadata given consistent metadata (e.g. sensor, observed object). * GetFeatur...
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3
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5
It can be utilized to retrieve data for specific sensors. The DescribeSensor function returns detailed information about a sensor or a sensor system and the producing processes. === Core operations (...
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5
The DescribeSensor function returns detailed information about a sensor or a sensor system and the producing processes. === Core operations (core profile) === * GetCapabilities returns an XML service...
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5
=== Transactional operations (transactional profile) === * RegisterSensor allows to register a new sensor in an deployed SOS. * InsertObservation can be used to insert data for already registered sen...
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5
If the SOS supports the transactional profile (SOS-T), new sensors can be registered on the service interface and measuring values be inserted. A SOS implementation can be used both for data from in-...
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5
=== Extended operations (enhanced profile) === * GetResult provides the ability to query for sensor readings without the metadata given consistent metadata (e.g. sensor, observed object). * GetFeatur...
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5
From:Web-Based_Enterprise_Management
WBEM is based on Internet standards and Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) open standards: Common Information Model (CIM) infrastructure and
schema
, CIM-XML, CIM operations over HTTP, and WS-Ma...
1
2
3
4
5
WBEM is based on Internet standards and Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) open standards: Common Information Model (CIM) infrastructure and
schema
, CIM-XML, CIM operations over HTTP, and WS-Ma...
1
2
3
4
5
WBEM is based on Internet standards and Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) open standards: Common Information Model (CIM) infrastructure and
schema
, CIM-XML, CIM operations over HTTP, and WS-Ma...
1
2
3
4
5
==Features== Key features of WBEM technology include: * remote management of applications * management of several instances of an application as a single unit * standard interface for remote applicat...
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3
4
5
Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) is a set of systems management technologies developed to unify the management of distributed computing environments. WBEM is based on Internet standards and Dist...
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5
WBEM is based on Internet standards and Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) open standards: Common Information Model (CIM) infrastructure and
schema
, CIM-XML, CIM operations over HTTP, and WS-Ma...
1
2
3
4
5
From:MAREC
Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition It consists of 19 million patent documents in different languages, normalised to a highly specific XML
schema
. MAREC is intended as raw material for research i...
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3
4
5
Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition It consists of 19 million patent documents in different languages, normalised to a highly specific XML
schema
. MAREC is intended as raw material for research i...
1
2
3
4
5
Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition It consists of 19 million patent documents in different languages, normalised to a highly specific XML
schema
. MAREC is intended as raw material for research i...
1
2
3
4
5
Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition It consists of 19 million patent documents in different languages, normalised to a highly specific XML
schema
. MAREC is intended as raw material for research i...
1
2
3
4
5
Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition It consists of 19 million patent documents in different languages, normalised to a highly specific XML
schema
. MAREC is intended as raw material for research i...
1
2
3
4
5
Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition It consists of 19 million patent documents in different languages, normalised to a highly specific XML
schema
. MAREC is intended as raw material for research i...
1
2
3
4
5
From:Weighting
It is often not realised that equal loudness curves, and hence A-
weighting
, only really apply to tones, as tests with noise bands show increased sensitivity in the 5 to 7 kHz region on noise compared...
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3
4
5
In the field of acoustics, and audio engineering, it is common to use a standard curve referred to as A-
weighting
, one of a set that are said to be derived from equal-loudness contours. ==
Weighting
...
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In the field of acoustics, and audio engineering, it is common to use a standard curve referred to as A-
weighting
, one of a set that are said to be derived from equal-loudness contours. ==
Weighting
...
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In the field of acoustics, and audio engineering, it is common to use a standard curve referred to as A-
weighting
, one of a set that are said to be derived from equal-loudness contours. ==
Weighting
...
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The resulting unit is the sievert or microsievert. ==
Weighting
and television colour components == Another use of
weighting
is in television, where the red, green and blue components of the signal a...
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==
Weighting
in audio measurement == In broadcasting and audio equipment measurements 468-
weighting
is the preferred
weighting
to use because it was specifically devised to allow subjectively valid m...
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From:Keyhole_Markup_Language
Other projects such as Marble have also started to develop KML support.http://edu.kde.org/marble/ == Structure == The KML file specifies a set of features (place marks, images, polygons, 3D models, t...
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Google Earth was the first program able to view and graphically edit KML files. Other projects such as Marble have also started to develop KML support.http://edu.kde.org/marble/ == Structure == The K...
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Other projects such as Marble have also started to develop KML support.http://edu.kde.org/marble/ == Structure == The KML file specifies a set of features (place marks, images, polygons, 3D models, t...
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Other projects such as Marble have also started to develop KML support.http://edu.kde.org/marble/ == Structure == The KML file specifies a set of features (place marks, images, polygons, 3D models, t...
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Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within Internet-based, two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was develo...
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Other projects such as Marble have also started to develop KML support.http://edu.kde.org/marble/ == Structure == The KML file specifies a set of features (place marks, images, polygons, 3D models, t...
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From:Wilberforce_pendulum
A Wilberforce pendulum, invented by British physicist Lionel Robert Wilberforce around 1896, consists of a mass suspended by a long helical spring and free to turn on its vertical axis, twisting the s...
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A Wilberforce pendulum, invented by British physicist Lionel Robert Wilberforce around 1896, consists of a mass suspended by a long helical spring and free to turn on its vertical axis, twisting the s...
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It is an example of a coupled mechanical oscillator, often used as a demonstration in physics education. The mass can both bob up and down on the spring, and rotate back and forth about its vertical ...
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A Wilberforce pendulum, invented by British physicist Lionel Robert Wilberforce around 1896, consists of a mass suspended by a long helical spring and free to turn on its vertical axis, twisting the s...
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A Wilberforce pendulum, invented by British physicist Lionel Robert Wilberforce around 1896, consists of a mass suspended by a long helical spring and free to turn on its vertical axis, twisting the s...
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It is an example of a coupled mechanical oscillator, often used as a demonstration in physics education. The mass can both bob up and down on the spring, and rotate back and forth about its vertical ...
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From:Tf%2Aidf
Variations of the tf*idf
weighting
scheme are often used by search engines as a central tool in scoring and ranking a document's relevance given a user query. tf*idf can be successfully used for stop...
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The tf*idf
weight
(term frequency–inverse document frequency) is a numerical statistic which reflects how important a word is to a document in a collection or corpus. It is often used as a
weighting
...
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The tf*idf
weight
(term frequency–inverse document frequency) is a numerical statistic which reflects how important a word is to a document in a collection or corpus. It is often used as a
weighting
...
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The tf*idf
weight
(term frequency–inverse document frequency) is a numerical statistic which reflects how important a word is to a document in a collection or corpus. It is often used as a
weighting
...
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Variations of the tf*idf
weighting
scheme are often used by search engines as a central tool in scoring and ranking a document's relevance given a user query. tf*idf can be successfully used for stop...
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The term "the" is not a good keyword to distinguish relevant and non-relevant documents and terms, unlike the less common words "brown" and "cow". Hence an inverse document frequency factor is incorp...
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Query: